This is a Fortran 2008 rewrite of disclyap_fast.m.

Closes: #1737

- loop termination criterion did not match subsequent check
- dimensions of NaN were incorrect
- exitflag was mostly meaningless due to erroring out
- Make max_iter an optional input
- Move file from partial information folder to Matlab

- Adds new algorithms to solve Lyapunov equations: Doubling algorithm and Square root solver. Their respective names are "doubling" and "square_root_solver".
- Adds the tolerance criteria for the iterative solvers (sylvester_fixed_point_tol, lyapunov_fixed_point_tol and lyapunov_doubling_tol)
- Updates the reference manual