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compute_mh_covariance_matrix.m

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  • NEWS 79.31 KiB
    Announcement for Dynare 4.5.6 (on 2018-07-25)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.5.6.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu LTS) should follow soon.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions 7.5 (R2007b) to 9.3 (R2018a)
    and with GNU Octave versions 4.4.
    
    Here is a list of the problems identified in version 4.5.5 and that have been
    fixed in version 4.5.6:
    
     - TaRB sampler: incorrect last posterior was returned if the last draw was
       rejected.
    
     - Fixed online particle filter by drawing initial conditions in the prior
       distribution.
    
     - Fixed evaluation of the likelihood in non linear / particle filters.
    
     - Added missing documented `montecarlo` option in Gaussian Filter and
       Nonlinear Kalman Filter.
    
     - Added back a flag to deal with errors on Cholesky decomposition in the
       Conditional Particle Filter.
    
     - Macroprocessor `length()` operator was returning 1 when applied to a
       string. Macroprocessor now raises an error when `length()` operator is
       called on an integer and return the number of characters when applied to a
       string.
    
     - `mode_compute=8`: the error code during mode-finding was not correctly
       handled, resulting in crashes.
    
     - Identification was not correctly displaying a message for collinear parameters
       if there was no unidentified parameter present.
    
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.5.5 (on 2018-06-08)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.5.5.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu LTS) should follow soon.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions 7.5 (R2007b) to 9.3 (R2018a)
    and with GNU Octave versions 4.2.
    
    Here is a list of the problems identified in version 4.5.4 and that have been
    fixed in version 4.5.5:
    
     - Identification was crashing during prior sampling if `ar` was initially too
       low.
    
     - The `align` method on `dseries` did not return a functional second `dseries`
       output.
    
     - Predetermined variables were not properly set when used in model local
       variables.
    
     - `perfect_foresight_solver` with option `stack_solve_algo=7` was not working
       correctly when an exogenous variable has a lag greater than 1.
    
     - `identification` with `prior_mc` option would crash if the number of moments
       with non-zero derivative is smaller than the number of parameters.
    
     - Calling several times `normcdf` or `normpdf` with the same arguments in a
       model with block decomposition (but not bytecode) was leading to incorrect
       results.
    
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.5.4 (on 2018-01-29)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.5.4.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu LTS) should follow soon.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions 7.5 (R2007b) to 9.3 (R2017b)
    and with GNU Octave versions 4.2.
    
    Here is a list of the problems identified in version 4.5.3 and that have been
    fixed in version 4.5.4:
    
     - The `type` option of `plot_shock_decomposition` was always set to `qoq` regardless of what is specified.
    
     - Bug in GSA when no parameter was detected below pvalue threshold.
    
     - Various bug fixes in shock decompositions.
    
     - Bug in reading in macro arrays passed on `dynare` command line via the `-D` option.
    
     - Estimation with missing values was crashing if the `prefilter` option was used.
    
     - Added a workaround for a difference in behaviour between Octave and Matlab regarding the creation
       of function handles for functions that do not exist in the path. With Octave 4.2.1, steady state
       files did not work if no auxiliary variables were created.
    
     - The `stoch_simul` command was crashing with a cryptic message if option `order=3` was used without
       setting `k_order_solver`.
    
     - In cases where the prior bounds are infinite and the mode is estimated at exactly 0, no `mode_check`
       graphs were displayed.
    
     - Parallel execution of MCMC was broken in models without auxiliary variables.
    
     - Reading data with column names from Excel might crash.
    
     - The multivariate Kalman smoother was crashing in case of missing data in the observations and
       `Finf` became singular.
    
     - The `plot_shock_decomposition` command ignored various user-defined options like `fig_name`,
       `use_shock_groups` or `interactive` and instead used the default options.
    
     - Nested `@#ifdef` and `@#ifndef` statements don't work in the macroprocessor.
    
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.5.3 (on 2017-10-19)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.5.3.
    
    This is a bugfix release. It comes less than 24 hours after the previous release,
    because version 4.5.2 was affected by a critical bug for MATLAB older than R2016b.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu LTS) should follow soon.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions 7.5 (R2007b) to 9.3 (R2017b)
    and with GNU Octave versions 4.2.
    
    Here is a list of the problems identified in version 4.5.2 and that have been
    fixed in version 4.5.3:
    
    
     - `isfile` routine was failing with matlab older than R2016b. This bug did not
       affect Octave.
    
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.5.2 (on 2017-10-19)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.5.2.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu LTS) should follow soon.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions 7.5 (R2007b) to 9.3 (R2017b)
    and with GNU Octave versions 4.2.
    
    Here is a list of the problems identified in version 4.5.1 and that have been
    fixed in version 4.5.2:
    
    
     - Fixed bug in perfect foresight solver:
    
       + If expected shocks were declared after the terminal period, as specified
       by the `periods` option, Dynare was crashing.
    
       + Models declared with the `linear` option were crashing if exogenous
       variables were present with a lead or lag.
    
     - After ML or Bayesian estimation when the smoother option or `mh_replic=0`
       were not specified, not all smoothed measurement errors were displayed.
    
     - Fixed error in reference manual about the `conditional_forecasts` command.
    
     - Fixed smoother behaviour, provide informative error instead of crashing when
       model cannot be solved.
    
     - The `nopathchange` preprocessor option was always triggered, regardless of
       whether it was passed or not.
    
     - When `ramsey_policy` is used, allow state variables to be set in `histval`
       block.
    
     - `histval` erroneously accepted leads, leading to cryptic crashes.
    
     - The prior MC draws from previous runs were not deleted, potentially
       resulting in loading stale files.
    
     - `estim_params_` was being declared `global` more than once.
    
     - Fixed crashes happening when simulating linear models with order>1.
    
     - Make empirical moments independent of `simul_replic`, as stated in the
       reference manual, by outputting moments computed with the first simulated
       sample.
    
     - The `prior_function` required a preceding `estimation`-command to properly
       set up the prior.
    
     - If the mode for a parameter was at exactly 0, `mode_check` was crashing.
    
     - Fixed `get_posterior_parameters`-routine which should not do more than
       getting parameters. As a consequense, the `shock_decomposition`-command
       did not correctly set the `parameter_set` for use in subsequent function
       calls if shocks are correlated or measurement error is present.
    
     - Fixed bug in Ramsey problem with constraints both on a policy instrument and
       another variable. Note that the constraint on a variable that is not an
       instrument of the Ramsey problem must be written with an equation tag in the
       model block.
    
     - Fixed bug in Ramsey problem with constraints on policy instrument.
    
     - Fixed crash with optimizer 5 when not used with DSGE model at order 1.
    
     - Fixed mex file used for third order approximation (was crashing on
       Matlab/Windows 7).
    
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.5.1 (on 2017-08-24)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.5.1.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu LTS) should follow soon.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions 7.5 (R2007b) to 9.2 (R2017a)
    and with GNU Octave versions 4.2.
    
    Here is a list of the problems identified in version 4.5.0 and that have been
    fixed in version 4.5.1:
    
    
     - Fixed out of memory issue with simpsa optimization algorithm.
    
     - Added missing plots for measurement errors with `generate_trace_plot`
       command.
    
     - Posterior moments after MCMC for very big models were not correctly computed
       and their plotting might crash Dynare.
    
     - Results of the posterior conditional variance decomposition after MCMC were
       not correctly computed.
    
     - Options `use_shock_groups` and `colormap` of the `shock_decomposition`
       command were not working.
    
     - Added a clean error message if sensitivity toolbox is used with recursive
       estimation.
    
     - Computation of posterior filtered variables was crashing in models with only
       one variable.
    
     - Fixed various typos and errors in the reference manual.
    
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.5.0 (on 2017-06-11)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.5.0.
    
    This major release adds new features and fixes various bugs.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and Debian/Ubuntu packages should follow soon.
    
    All users are strongly encouraged to upgrade.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 7.5 (R2007b) to
    9.2 (R2017a) and with GNU Octave version 4.2.
    
    Here is the list of major user-visible changes:
    
    
     - Ramsey policy
    
       + Added command `ramsey_model` that builds the expanded model with
         FOC conditions for the planner's problem but doesn't perform any
         computation. Usefull to compute Ramsey policy in a perfect
         foresight model,
    
       + `ramsey_policy` accepts multipliers in its variable list and
         displays results for them.
    
    
     - Perfect foresight models
    
       + New commands `perfect_foresight_setup` (for preparing the
         simulation) and `perfect_foresight_solver` (for computing it). The
         old `simul` command still exist and is now an alias for
         `perfect_foresight_setup` + `perfect_foresight_solver`. It is no
         longer possible to manipulate by hand the contents of
         `oo_.exo_simul` when using `simul`. People who want to do
         it must first call `perfect_foresight_setup`, then do the
         manipulations, then call `perfect_foresight_solver`,
    
       + By default, the perfect foresight solver will try a homotopy
         method if it fails to converge at the first try. The old behavior
         can be restored with the `no_homotopy` option,
    
       + New option `stack_solve_algo=7` that allows specifying a
         `solve_algo` solver for solving the model,
    
       + New option `solve_algo` that allows specifying a solver for
         solving the model when using `stack_solve_algo=7`,
    
       + New option `lmmcp` that solves the model via a Levenberg-Marquardt
         mixed complementarity problem (LMMCP) solver,
    
       + New option `robust_lin_solve` that triggers the use of a robust
         linear solver for the default `solve_algo=4`,
    
       + New options `tolf` and `tolx` to control termination criteria of
         solvers,
    
       + New option `endogenous_terminal_period` to `simul`,
    
       + Added the possibility to set the initial condition of the
         (stochastic) extended path simulations with the histval block.
    
    
     - Optimal simple rules
    
       + Saves the optimal value of parameters to `oo_.osr.optim_params`,
    
       + New block `osr_params_bounds` allows specifying bounds for the
         estimated parameters,
    
       + New option `opt_algo` allows selecting different optimizers while
         the new option `optim` allows specifying the optimizer options,
    
       + The `osr` command now saves the names, bounds, and indices for the
         estimated parameters as well as the indices and weights of the
         variables entering the objective function into `M_.osr`.
    
    
     - Forecasts and Smoothing
    
       + The smoother and forecasts take uncertainty about trends and means
         into account,
    
       + Forecasts accounting for measurement error are now saved in fields
         of the form `HPDinf_ME` and `HPDsup_ME`,
    
       + New fields `oo_.Smoother.Trend` and `oo_.Smoother.Constant` that
         save the trend and constant parts of the smoothed variables,
    
       + new field `oo_.Smoother.TrendCoeffs` that stores the trend
         coefficients.
    
       + Rolling window forecasts allowed in `estimation` command by
         passing a vector to `first_obs`,
    
       + The `calib_smoother` command now accepts the `loglinear`,
         `prefilter`, `first_obs` and `filter_decomposition` options.
    
    
     - Estimation
    
       + New options: `logdata`, `consider_all_endogenous`,
         `consider_only_observed`, `posterior_max_subsample_draws`,
         `mh_conf_sig`, `diffuse_kalman_tol`, `dirname`, `nodecomposition`
    
       + `load_mh_file` and `mh_recover` now try to load chain's proposal density,
    
       + New option `load_results_after_load_mh` that allows loading some
         posterior results from a previous run if no new MCMC draws are
         added,
    
       + New option `posterior_nograph` that suppresses the generation of
         graphs associated with Bayesian IRFs, posterior smoothed objects,
         and posterior forecasts,
    
       + Saves the posterior density at the mode in
         `oo_.posterior.optimization.log_density`,
    
       + The `filter_covariance` option now also works with posterior
         sampling like Metropolis-Hastings,
    
       + New option `no_posterior_kernel_density` to suppress computation
         of kernel density of posterior objects,
    
       + Recursive estimation and forecasting now provides the individual
         `oo_` structures for each sample in `oo_recursive_`,
    
       + The `trace_plot` command can now plot the posterior density,
    
       + New command `generate_trace_plots` allows generating all trace
         plots for one chain,
    
       + New commands `prior_function` and `posterior_function` that
         execute a user-defined function on parameter draws from the
         prior/posterior distribution,
    
       + New option `huge_number` for replacement of infinite bounds with
         large number during `mode_compute`,
    
       + New option `posterior_sampling_method` allows selecting the new
         posterior sampling options:
         `tailored_random_block_metropolis_hastings` (Tailored randomized
         block (TaRB) Metropolis-Hastings), `slice` (Slice sampler),
         `independent_metropolis_hastings` (Independent
         Metropolis-Hastings),
    
       + New option `posterior_sampler_options` that allow controlling the
         options of the `posterior_sampling_method`, its `scale_file`-option
         pair allows loading the `_mh_scale.mat`-file storing the tuned
         scale factor from a previous run of `mode_compute=6`,
    
       + New option `raftery_lewis_diagnostics` that computes Raftery/Lewis
         (1992) convergence diagnostics,
    
       + New option `fast_kalman_filter` that provides fast Kalman filter
         using Chandrasekhar recursions as described in Ed Herbst (2015),
    
       + The `dsge_var` option now saves results at the posterior mode into
         `oo_.dsge_var`,
    
       + New option `smoothed_state_uncertainty` to provide the uncertainty
         estimate for the smoothed state estimate from the Kalman smoother,
    
       + New prior density: generalized Weibull distribution,
    
       + Option `mh_recover` now allows continuing a crashed chain at the
         last save mh-file,
    
       + New option `nonlinear_filter_initialization` for the
         `estimation` command. Controls the initial covariance matrix
         of the state variables in nonlinear filters.
    
       + The `conditional_variance_decomposition` option now displays
         output and stores it as a LaTeX-table when the `TeX` option is
         invoked,
    
       + The `use_calibration` to `estimated_params_init` now also works
         with ML,
    
       + Improved initial estimation checks.
    
    
     - Steady state
    
       + The default solver for finding the steady state is now a
         trust-region solver (can be triggered explicitly with option
         `solve_algo=4`),
    
       + New options `tolf` and `tolx` to control termination criteria of
         solver,
    
       + The debugging mode now provides the termination values in steady
         state finding.
    
    
     - Stochastic simulations
    
       + New options `nodecomposition`,
    
       + New option `bandpass_filter` to compute bandpass-filtered
         theoretical and simulated moments,
    
       + New option `one_sided_hp_filter` to compute one-sided HP-filtered
         simulated moments,
    
       + `stoch_simul` displays a simulated variance decomposition when
         simulated moments are requested,
    
       + `stoch_simul` saves skewness and kurtosis into respective fields
         of `oo_` when simulated moments have been requested,
    
       + `stoch_simul` saves the unconditional variance decomposition in
         `oo_.variance_decomposition`,
    
       + New option `dr_display_tol` that governs omission of small terms
         in display of decision rules,
    
       + The `stoch_simul` command now prints the displayed tables as LaTeX
         code when the new `TeX` option is enabled,
    
       + The `loglinear` option now works with lagged and leaded exogenous
         variables like news shocks,
    
       + New option `spectral_density` that allows displaying the spectral
         density of (filtered) endogenous variables,
    
       + New option `contemporaneous_correlation` that allows saving
         contemporaneous correlations in addition to the covariances.
    
    
     - Identification
    
       + New options `diffuse_filter` and `prior_trunc`,
    
       + The `identification` command now supports correlations via
         simulated moments,
    
    
     - Sensitivity analysis
    
       + New blocks `irf_calibration` and `moment_calibration`,
    
       + Outputs LaTeX tables if the new `TeX` option is used,
    
       + New option `relative_irf` to `irf_calibration` block.
    
    
     - Conditional forecast
    
       + Command `conditional_forecast` now takes into account `histval`
         block if present.
    
    
     - Shock decomposition
    
       + New option `colormap` to `shocks_decomposition` for controlling
         the color map used in the shocks decomposition graphs,
    
       + `shocks_decomposition` now accepts the `nograph` option,
    
       + New command `realtime_shock_decomposition` that for each period `T= [presample,...,nobs]`
         allows computing the:
    
         * realtime historical shock decomposition `Y(t|T)`, i.e. without observing data in `[T+1,...,nobs]`
    
         * forecast shock decomposition `Y(T+k|T)`
    
         * realtime conditional shock decomposition `Y(T+k|T+k)-Y(T+k|T)`
    
       + New block `shock_groups` that allows grouping shocks for the
         `shock_decomposition` and `realtime_shock_decomposition` commands,
    
       + New command `plot_shock_decomposition` that allows plotting the
         results from `shock_decomposition` and
         `realtime_shock_decomposition` for different vintages and shock
         groupings.
    
    
     - Macroprocessor
    
       + Can now pass a macro-variable to the `@#include` macro directive,
    
       + New preprocessor flag `-I`, macro directive `@#includepath`, and
         dynare config file block `[paths]` to pass a search path to the
         macroprocessor to be used for file inclusion via `@#include`.
    
    
     - Command line
    
       + New option `onlyclearglobals` (do not clear JIT compiled functions
         with recent versions of Matlab),
    
       + New option `minimal_workspace` to use fewer variables in the
         current workspace,
    
       + New option `params_derivs_order` allows limiting the order of the
         derivatives with respect to the parameters that are calculated by
         the preprocessor,
    
       + New command line option `mingw` to support the MinGW-w64 C/C++
         Compiler from TDM-GCC for `use_dll`.
    
    
     - dates/dseries/reporting classes
    
       + New methods `abs`, `cumprod` and `chain`,
    
       + New option `tableRowIndent` to `addTable`,
    
       + Reporting system revamped and made more efficient, dependency on
         matlab2tikz has been dropped.
    
    
     - Optimization algorithms
    
       + `mode_compute=2` Uses the simulated annealing as described by
         Corana et al. (1987),
    
       + `mode_compute=101` Uses SOLVEOPT as described by Kuntsevich and
         Kappel (1997),
    
       + `mode_compute=102` Uses `simulannealbnd` from Matlab's Global
         Optimization Toolbox (if available),
    
       + New option `silent_optimizer` to shut off output from mode
         computing/optimization,
    
       + New options `verbosity` and `SaveFiles` to control output and
         saving of files during mode computing/optimization.
    
    
     - LaTeX output
    
       + New command `write_latex_original_model`,
    
       + New option `write_equation_tags` to `write_latex_dynamic_model`
         that allows printing the specified equation tags to the generate
         LaTeX code,
    
       + New command `write_latex_parameter_table` that writes the names and
         values of model parameters to a LaTeX table,
    
       + New command `write_latex_prior_table` that writes the descriptive
         statistics about the prior distribution to a LaTeX table,
    
       + New command `collect_latex_files` that creates one compilable LaTeX
         file containing all TeX-output.
    
    
     - Misc.
    
       + Provides 64bit preprocessor,
    
       + Introduces new path management to avoid conflicts with other
         toolboxes,
    
       + Full compatibility with Matlab 2014b's new graphic interface,
    
       + When using `model(linear)`, Dynare automatically checks
         whether the model is truly linear,
    
       + `usedll`, the `msvc` option now supports `normcdf`, `acosh`,
         `asinh`, and `atanh`,
    
       + New parallel option `NumberOfThreadsPerJob` for Windows nodes that
         sets the number of threads assigned to each remote MATLAB/Octave
         run,
    
       + Improved numerical performance of
         `schur_statespace_transformation` for very large models,
    
       + The `all_values_required` option now also works with `histval`,
    
       + Add missing `horizon` option to `ms_forecast`,
    
       + BVAR now saves the marginal data density in
         `oo_.bvar.log_marginal_data_density` and stores prior and
         posterior information in `oo_.bvar.prior` and
         `oo_.bvar.posterior`.
    
    
    
    * Bugs and problems identified in version 4.4.3 and that have been fixed in version 4.5.0:
    
    
     - BVAR models
    
       + `bvar_irf` could display IRFs in an unreadable way when they moved from
         negative to positive values,
    
       + In contrast to what is stated in the documentation, the confidence interval
         size `conf_sig` was 0.6 by default instead of 0.9.
    
    
     - Conditional forecasts
    
       + The `conditional_forecast` command produced wrong results in calibrated
         models when used at initial values outside of the steady state (given with
         `initval`),
    
       + The `plot_conditional_forecast` option could produce unreadable figures if
         the areas overlap,
    
       + The `conditional_forecast` command after MLE crashed,
    
       + In contrast to what is stated in the manual, the confidence interval size
         `conf_sig` was 0.6 by default instead of 0.8.
    
       + Conditional forecasts were wrong when the declaration of endogenous
         variables was not preceeding the declaration of the exogenous
         variables and parameters.
    
    
     - Discretionary policy
    
       + Dynare allowed running models where the number of instruments did not match
         the number of omitted equations,
    
       + Dynare could crash in some cases when trying to display the solution,
    
       + Parameter dependence embedded via a `steady_state` was not taken into
         account, typically resulting in crashes.
    
     - dseries class
    
       + When subtracting a dseries object from a number, the number was instead
         subtracted from the dseries object.
    
    
     - DSGE-VAR models
    
       + Dynare crashed when estimation encountered non-finite values in the Jacobian
         at the steady state,
    
       + The presence of a constant was not considered for degrees of freedom
         computation of the Gamma function used during the posterior computation; due
         to only affecting the constant term, results should be be unaffected, except
         for model_comparison when comparing models with and without.
    
    
     - Estimation command
    
       + In contrast to what was stated in the manual, the confidence interval size
         `conf_sig` for `forecast` without MCMC was 0.6 by default instead of 0.9,
    
       + Calling estimation after identification could lead to crashes,
    
       + When using recursive estimation/forecasting and setting some elements of
         `nobs` to be larger than the number of observations T in the data,
         `oo_recursive_` contained additional cell entries that simply repeated the
         results obtained for `oo_recursive_T`,
    
       + Computation of Bayesian smoother could crash for larger models when
         requesting `forecast` or `filtered_variables`,
    
       + Geweke convergence diagnostics were not computed on the full MCMC chain when
         the `load_mh_file` option was used,
    
       + The Geweke convergence diagnostics always used the default `taper_steps` and
       `geweke_interval`,
    
       + Bayesian IRFs (`bayesian_irfs` option) could be displayed in an unreadable
         way when they move from negative to positive values,
    
       + If `bayesian_irfs` was requested when `mh_replic` was too low to compute
         HPDIs, plotting was crashing,
    
       + The x-axis value in `oo_.prior_density` for the standard deviation and
         correlation of measurement errors was written into a field
         `mearsurement_errors_*` instead of `measurement_errors_*`,
    
       + Using a user-defined `mode_compute` crashed estimation,
    
       + Option `mode_compute=10` did not work with infinite prior bounds,
    
       + The posterior variances and covariances computed by `moments_varendo` were
         wrong for very large models due to a matrix erroneously being filled up with
         zeros,
    
       + Using the `forecast` option with `loglinear` erroneously added the unlogged
         steady state,
    
       + When using the `loglinear` option the check for the presence of a constant
         was erroneously based on the unlogged steady state,
    
       + Estimation of `observation_trends` was broken as the trends specified as a
         function of deep parameters were not correctly updated during estimation,
    
       + When using `analytic_derivation`, the parameter values were not set before
         testing whether the steady state file changes parameter values, leading to
         subsequent crashes,
    
       + If the steady state of an initial parameterization did not solve, the
         observation equation could erroneously feature no constant when the
         `use_calibration` option was used,
    
       + When computing posterior moments, Dynare falsely displayed that moment
         computations are skipped, although the computation was performed correctly,
    
       + If `conditional_variance_decomposition` was requested, although all
         variables contain unit roots, Dynare crashed instead of providing an error
         message,
    
       + Computation of the posterior parameter distribution was erroneously based
         on more draws than specified (there was one additional draw for every Markov
         chain),
    
       + The estimation option `lyapunov=fixed_point` was broken,
    
       + Computation of `filtered_vars` with only one requested step crashed Dynare,
    
       + Option `kalman_algo=3` was broken with non-diagonal measurement error,
    
       + When using the diffuse Kalman filter with missing observations, an additive
         factor log(2*pi) was missing in the last iteration step,
    
       + Passing of the `MaxFunEvals` and `InitialSimplexSize` options to
         `mode_compute=8` was broken,
    
       + Bayesian forecasts contained initial conditions and had the wrong length in
         both plots and stored variables,
    
       + Filtered variables obtained with `mh_replic=0`, ML, or
         `calibrated_smoother` were padded with zeros at the beginning and end and
         had the wrong length in stored variables,
    
       + Computation of smoothed measurement errors in Bayesian estimation was broken,
    
       + The `selected_variables_only` option (`mh_replic=0`, ML, or
         `calibrated_smoother`) returned wrong results for smoothed, updated, and
         filtered variables,
    
       + Combining the `selected_variables_only` option with forecasts obtained
         using `mh_replic=0`, ML, or `calibrated_smoother` leaded to crashes,
    
       + `oo_.UpdatedVariables` was only filled when the `filtered_vars` option was specified,
    
       + When using Bayesian estimation with `filtered_vars`, but without
         `smoother`, then `oo_.FilteredVariables` erroneously also contained filtered
         variables at the posterior mean as with `mh_replic=0`,
    
       + Running an MCMC a second time in the same folder with a different number of
         iterations could result in crashes due to the loading of stale files,
    
       + Results displayed after Bayesian estimation when not specifying
         the `smoother` option were based on the parameters at the mode
         from mode finding instead of the mean parameters from the
         posterior draws. This affected the smoother results displayed, but
         also calls to subsequent command relying on the parameters stored
         in `M_.params` like `stoch_simul`,
    
       + The content of `oo_.posterior_std` after Bayesian estimation was based on
         the standard deviation at the posterior mode, not the one from the MCMC, this
         was not consistent with the reference manual,
    
       + When the initialization of an MCMC run failed, the metropolis.log file was
         locked, requiring a restart of Matlab to restart estimation,
    
       + If the posterior mode was right at the corner of the prior bounds, the
         initialization of the MCMC erroneously crashed,
    
       + If the number of dropped draws via `mh_drop` coincided with the number of
         draws in a `_mh'-file`, `oo_.posterior.metropolis.mean` and
         `oo_.posterior.metropolis.Variance` were NaN.
    
    
     - Estimation and calibrated smoother
    
       + When using `observation_trends` with the `prefilter` option, the mean shift
         due to the trend was not accounted for,
    
       + When using `first_obs`>1, the higher trend starting point of
         `observation_trends` was not taken into account, leading, among other things,
         to problems in recursive forecasting,
    
       + The diffuse Kalman smoother was crashing if the forecast error variance
         matrix becomes singular,
    
       + The multivariate Kalman smoother provided incorrect state estimates when
         all data for one observation are missing,
    
       + The multivariate diffuse Kalman smoother provided incorrect state estimates
         when the `Finf` matrix becomes singular,
    
       + The univariate diffuse Kalman filter was crashing if the initial covariance
         matrix of the nonstationary state vector is singular,
    
    
     - Forecats
    
       + In contrast to what is stated in the manual, the confidence interval size
         `conf_sig` was 0.6 by default instead of 0.9.
    
       + Forecasting with exogenous deterministic variables provided wrong decision
         rules, yielding wrong forecasts.
    
       + Forecasting with exogenous deterministic variables crashed when the
         `periods` option was not explicitly specified,
    
       + Option `forecast` when used with `initval` was using the initial values in
         the `initval` block and not the steady state computed from these initial
         values as the starting point of forecasts.
    
    
     - Global Sensitivity Analysis
    
       + Sensitivity with ML estimation could result in crashes,
    
       + Option `mc` must be forced if `neighborhood_width` is used,
    
       + Fixed dimension of `stock_logpo` and `stock_ys`,
    
       + Incomplete variable initialization could lead to crashes with `prior_range=1`.
    
    
     - Indentification
    
       + Identification did not correctly pass the `lik_init` option,
         requiring the manual setting of `options_.diffuse_filter=1` in
         case of unit roots,
    
       + Testing identification of standard deviations as the only
         parameters to be estimated with ML leaded to crashes,
    
       + Automatic increase of the lag number for autocovariances when the
         number of parameters is bigger than the number of non-zero moments
         was broken,
    
       + When using ML, the asymptotic Hessian was not computed,
    
       + Checking for singular values when the eigenvectors contained only
         one column did not work correctly,
    
    
     - Model comparison
    
       + Selection of the `modifiedharmonicmean` estimator was broken,
    
    
     - Optimal Simple Rules
    
       + When covariances were specified, variables that only entered with
         their variance and no covariance term obtained a wrong weight,
         resulting in wrong results,
    
       + Results reported for stochastic simulations after `osr` were based
         on the last parameter vector encountered during optimization,
         which does not necessarily coincide with the optimal parameter
         vector,
    
       + Using only one (co)variance in the objective function resulted in crashes,
    
       + For models with non-stationary variables the objective function was computed wrongly.
    
    
     - Ramsey policy
    
       + If a Lagrange multiplier appeared in the model with a lead or a lag
         of more than one period, the steady state could be wrong.
    
       + When using an external steady state file, incorrect steady states
         could be accepted,
    
       + When using an external steady state file with more than one
         instrument, Dynare crashed,
    
       + When using an external steady state file and running `stoch_simul`
         after `ramsey_planner`, an incorrect steady state was used,
    
       + When the number of instruments was not equal to the number of
         omitted equations, Dynare crashed with a cryptic message,
    
       + The `planner_objective` accepted `varexo`, but ignored them for computations,
    
    
     - Shock decomposition
    
       + Did not work with the `parameter_set=calibration` option if an
         `estimated_params` block is present,
    
       + Crashed after MLE.
    
    
     - Perfect foresight models
    
       + The perfect foresight solver could accept a complex solution
         instead of continuing to look for a real-valued one,
    
       + The `initval_file` command only accepted column and not row vectors,
    
       + The `initval_file` command did not work with Excel files,
    
       + Deterministic simulations with one boundary condition crashed in
         `solve_one_boundary` due to a missing underscore when passing
         `options_.simul.maxit`,
    
       + Deterministic simulation with exogenous variables lagged by more
         than one period crashed,
    
       + Termination criterion `maxit` was hard-coded for `solve_algo=0`
         and could no be changed,
    
       + When using `block`/`bytecode`, relational operators could not be enforced,
    
       + When using `block` some exceptions were not properly handled,
         leading to code crashes,
    
       + Using `periods=1` crashed the solver (bug only partially fixed).
    
    
     - Smoothing
    
       + The univariate Kalman smoother returned wrong results when used
         with correlated measurement error,
    
       + The diffuse smoother sometimes returned linear combinations of the
         smoothed stochastic trend estimates instead of the original trend
         estimates.
    
     - Perturbation reduced form
    
       + In contrast to what is stated in the manual, the results of the
         unconditional variance decomposition were only stored in
         `oo_.gamma_y(nar+2)`, not in `oo_.variance_decomposition`,
    
       + Dynare could crash when the steady state could not be computed
         when using the `loglinear` option,
    
       + Using `bytcode` when declared exogenous variables were not
         used in the model leaded to crashes in stochastic simulations,
    
       + Displaying decision rules involving lags of auxiliary variables of
         type 0 (leads>1) crashed.
    
       + The `relative_irf` option resulted in wrong output at `order>1` as
         it implicitly relies on linearity.
    
    
     - Displaying of the MH-history with the `internals` command crashed
       if parameter names did not have same length.
    
     - Dynare crashed when the user-defined steady state file returned an
       error code, but not an conformable-sized steady state vector.
    
     - Due to a bug in `mjdgges.mex` unstable parameter draws with
       eigenvalues up to 1+1e-6 could be accepted as stable for the
       purpose of the Blanchard-Kahn conditions, even if `qz_criterium<1`.
    
     - The `use_dll` option on Octave for Windows required to pass a
       compiler flag at the command line, despite the manual stating this
       was not necessary.
    
     - Dynare crashed for models with `block` option if the Blanchard-Kahn
       conditions were not satisfied instead of generating an error
       message.
    
     - The `verbose` option did not work with `model(block)`.
    
     - When falsely specifying the `model(linear)` for nonlinear models,
       incorrect steady states were accepted instead of aborting.
    
     - The `STEADY_STATE` operator called on model local variables
       (so-called pound variables) did not work as expected.
    
     - The substring operator in macro-processor was broken. The
       characters of the substring could be mixed with random characters
       from the memory space.
    
     - Block decomposition could sometimes cause the preprocessor to crash.
    
     - A bug when external functions were used in model local variables
       that were contained in equations that required auxiliary
       variable/equations led to crashes of Matlab.
    
     - Sampling from the prior distribution for an inverse gamma II
       distribution when `prior_trunc>0` could result in incorrect
       sampling.
    
     - Sampling from the prior distribution for a uniform distribution
       when `prior_trunc>0` was ignoring the prior truncation.
    
     - Conditional forecasts were wrong when the declaration of endogenous
       variables was not preceeding the declaration of the exogenous
       variables and parameters.
    
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.4.3 (on 2014-07-31)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.4.3.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu LTS) should follow soon.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions 7.3 (R2006b) to 8.2 (R2013b)
    and with GNU Octave versions 3.6 to 3.8.
    
    Here is a list of the problems identified in version 4.4.2 and that have been
    fixed in version 4.4.3:
    
     - When loading a dataset in XLS, XLSX or CSV format, the first
       observation was discarded.
    
     - Reading data in an Excel-file with only one variable wasz leading
       to a crash.
    
     - When using the k_order_perturbation option (which is implicit at
       3rd order) without the use_dll option, crashes or unexpected
       behavior could happen if some 2nd or 3rd derivative evaluates to
       zero (while not being symbolically zero)
    
     - When using external function, Ramsey policy could crash or return
       wrong results.
    
     - For Ramsey policy, the equation numbers associated with the
       Lagrange multipliers stored in M_.aux_vars were erroneously one too
       low
    
     - When updating deep parameters in the steady state file, the changes
       were not fully taken into account (this was only affecting the
       Ramsey policy).
    
     - When using external functions and the bytecode option, wrong
       results were returned (if second order derivates of the external
       functions were needed).
    
     - The confidence level for computations in estimation, conf_sig could
       not be changed and was fixed at 0.9. The new option mh_conf_sig is
       now used to set this interval
    
     - Conditional forecasts with non-diagonal covariance matrix used an
       incorrect decomposition of the covariance matrix. A Cholesky
       factorization is used.
    
     - Option geweke_interval was not effective, Dynare always defaulted
       to the standard value.
    
     - The mode_file option lacked backward compatibility with older
       Dynare versions.
    
     - Loading an mh_mode file with the mode_file option was broken.
    
     - Using identification with var_exo_det leaded to crashes (the
       preprocessor now returns an error if they are used simultaneously)
    
     - The identification command did not print results if the initial
       parameter set was invalid and then crashed later on if the MC
       sample is bigger than 1
    
     - Inconsistencies between static and dynamic models leaded to crashes
       instead of error messages (only with block option).
    
     - The use of external functions crashed the preprocessor when the
       derivatives of the external function are explicitly called in the
       model block. The preprocessor now forbids the use of external
       functions derivates in the model block.
    
     - Using the block option when a variable does not appear in the
       current period crashed Dynare instead of providing an error
       message.
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.4.2 (on 2014-03-04)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.4.2.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu LTS) should follow soon.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions 7.3 (R2006b) to 8.2 (R2013b)
    and with GNU Octave versions 3.6 to 3.8.
    
    Here is a list of the problems identified in version 4.4.1 and that have been
    fixed in version 4.4.2:
    
     - Geweke convergence diagnostics was computed on the wrong sample if `mh_drop'
       was not equal to the default of 0.5.
    
     - The `loglinear' option of `stoch_simul' was displaying the steady state of
       the original values, not the logged ones, and was producing incorrect
       simulations and simulated moments. Theoretical moments were unaffected.
    
     - The `optim' option of `estimation (for setting options to `mode_compute')
       was only working with at least MATLAB 8.1 (R2013a) or Octave 3.8.
    
     - For unit root models, theoretical HP filtered moments were sometimes
       erroneously displayed as NaN.
    
     - Specifying an endogenous variable twice after the `estimation' command would
       lead to a crash in the computation of moments.
    
     - Deterministic simulations were crashing on some models with more than one
       lead or one lag on exogenous variables.
    
     - Homotopy in stochastic extended path with order greater than 0 was not
       working correctly (during the homotopy steps the perfect foresight model
       solver was called instead of the stochastic perfect foresight model solver).
    
     - MCMC convergence diagnostics were not computed if `mh_replic' was less than
       2000; the test now relies on the total number of iterations (this only makes
       a difference if option `load_mh_file' is used).
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.4.1 (on 2014-01-17)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.4.1.
    
    This release contains a few changes to the user interface and fixes various
    bugs. It also adds compatibility with Octave 3.8.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu) should follow soon.
    
    All users are encouraged to upgrade.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions 7.3 (R2006b) to 8.2 (R2013b) and
    with GNU Octave versions 3.6 to 3.8.
    
    * Changes to the user interface:
    
     - The syntax introduced in 4.4.0 for conditional forecast in a deterministic
       setup was removed, and replaced by a new one that is better suited to the
       task. More precisely, such deterministic forecasts are no longer done using
       the `conditional_forecast' command. The latter is replaced by a group of
       commands: `init_plan', `basic_plan' and `flip_plan'. See the reference
       manual for more details.
    
     - Changes to the reporting module: option `annualAverages' to `addTable' has
       been removed (use option `tableDataRhs' to `addSeries' instead); option
       `vlineAfter' to `addTable' now also accepts a cell array.
    
     - Changes to the date and time series classes: implement broadcasting for
       operations (+,-,* and /) between `dseries' class and scalar or vectors; add
       the possibility of selecting an observation within a time series using a
       formatted string containing a date.
    
    * Bugs and problems identified in version 4.4.0 and that have been fixed in
      version 4.4.1:
    
     - In MS-SBVAR, there was a bug preventing the computation of impulse responses
       on a constant regime.
    
     - Under Octave, after modifying the MOD file, the changes were not taken into
       account at the first Dynare run, but only at the second run.
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.4.0 (on 2013-12-16)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.4.0.
    
    This major release adds new features and fixes various bugs.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and Debian/Ubuntu packages should follow soon.
    
    All users are strongly encouraged to upgrade.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 7.3 (R2006b) to
    8.2 (R2013b) and with GNU Octave version 3.6.
    
    Here is the list of major user-visible changes:
    
    
    * New major algorithms:
    
     - Extended path at order 1 and above, also known as “stochastic extended
       path”. This method is triggered by setting the `order' option of the
       `extended_path' command to a value greater than 0. Dynare will then use a
       Gaussian quadrature to take into account the effects of future uncertainty.
       The time series for the endogenous variables are generated by assuming that
       the agents believe that there will no more shocks after period t+order.
    
     - Alternative algorithms for computing decision rules of a stochastic model,
       based on the cycle reduction and logarithmic reduction algorithms. These
       methods are respectively triggered by giving `dr = cycle_reduction' or 'dr
       = logarithmic_reduction' as an option to the `stoch_simul' command.
    
     - Pruning now works with 3rd order approximation, along the lines of
       Andreasen, Fernández-Villaverde and Rubio-Ramírez (2013).
    
     - Computation of conditional forecast using an extended path method. This is
       triggered by the new option `simulation_type = deterministic' in the
       `conditional_forecast' command. In this case, the `expectation' command in
       the `conditional_forecast_paths' block has to be used to indicate the nature
       of expectations (whether shocks are a surprise or are perfectly
       anticipated).
    
     - Endogenous priors as in Christiano, Trabandt and Walentin (2011). Those are
       triggered by the new option `endogenous_prior' of the `estimation' command.
    
    
    * Other algorithmic improvements:
    
     - New command `model_diagnostics' to perform various sanity checks on the
       model. Note: in the past, some users may have used a preliminary MATLAB
       function implementing this; the new command has the same syntax, except that
       you shouldn't pass any argument to it.
    
     - Terminal conditions of perfect foresight simulations can now be specified in
       growth rates. More specifically, the new option `differentiate_forward_vars'
       of the `model' block will create auxiliary forward looking variables
       expressed in first differences or growth rates of the actual forward looking
       variables defined in the model. These new variables have obvious zero
       terminal conditions whatever the simulation context and this in many cases
       helps convergence of simulations.
    
     - Convergence diagnostics for single chain MCMC à la Geweke (1992, 1999).
    
     - New optimizer for the posterior mode (triggered by `mode_compute=10'): it
       uses the simpsa algorithm, based on the combination of the non-linear
       simplex and simulated annealing algorithms and proposed by Cardoso, Salcedo
       and Feyo de Azevedo (1996).
    
     - The automatic detrending engine has been extended to work on models written
       in logs. The corresponding trend variable type is `log_trend_var', and the
       corresponding deflator type is `log_deflator'.
    
    
    * New features in the user interface:
    
     - New set of functions for easily creating PDF reports including figures and
       tables. See the “Reporting” section in the reference manual for more
       details.
    
     - New MATLAB/Octave classes for handling time series. See the “Time series”
       section in the reference manual for more details.
    
     - Datafiles in CSV format can now be used for estimation.
    
     - New macro processor `length' operator, returns the length of an array.
    
     - New option `all_values_required' of `initval' and `endval' blocks: enforces
       initialization of all endogenous and exogenous variables within the block.
    
     - Option `ar' can now be given to the `estimation' command.
    
     - New options `nograph', `nointeractive' and `nowarn' to the `dynare' command,
       for a better control of what is displayed.
    
     - New option `nostrict' to the `dynare' command, for allowing Dynare to
       continue processing when there are more endogenous variables than equations
       or when an undeclared symbol is assigned in `initval' or `endval'.
    
     - The information on MCMC acceptance rates, seeds, last log posterior
       likelihood, and last parameter draw are now saved on the disk and can
       be displayed with `internals --display-mh-history' or loaded into the
       workspace with `internals --load-mh-history'.
    
     - New options `mode_check_neighbourhood_size', `mode_check_symmetric_plots'
       and `mode_check_number_of_points', for a better control of the diagnostic
       plots.
    
     - New option `parallel_local_files' of `model' block, for transferring extra
       files during parallel computations.
    
     - New option `clock' of `set_dynare_seed', for setting a different seed at
       each run.
    
     - New option `qz_zero_threshold' of the `check', `stoch_simul' and
       `estimation' commands, for a better control of the situation where a
       generalized eigenvalue is close to 0/0.
    
     - New `verbatim' block for inclusion of text that should pass through the
       preprocessor and be placed as is in the `modfile.m' file.
    
     - New option `mcmc_jumping_covariance' of the `estimation' command, for a
       better control of the covariance matrix used for the proposal density of the
       MCMC sampler.
    
     - New option `use_calibration' of the `estimated_params_init', for using the
       calibration of deep parameters and the elements of the covariance matrix
       specified in the `shocks' block as starting values for the estimation.
    
     - New option `save_draws' of the `ms_simulation' command.
    
     - New option `irf_plot_threshold' of the `stoch_simul' and `estimation'
       commands, for a better control of the display of IRFs which are almost nil.
    
     - New option `long_name' for endogenous, exogenous and parameter declarations,
       which can be used to declare a long name for variables. That long name can
       be programmatically retrieved in `M_.endo_names_long'.
    
    
    * Miscellaneous changes
    
     - The deciles of some posterior moments were erroneously saved in a field
       `Distribution' under `oo_'. This field is now called `deciles', for
       consistency with other posterior moments and with the manual. Similarly, the
       fields `Mean', `Median', `HPDsup', `HPDinf', and `Variance' are now
       consistently capitalized.
    
     - The console mode now implies the `nodisplay' option.
    
    
    * Bugs and problems identified in version 4.3.3 and that have been fixed in
      version 4.4.0:
    
     - In an `endval' block, auxiliary variables were not given the right value.
       This would not result in wrong results, but could prevent convergence of
       the steady state computation.
    
     - Deterministic simulations with `stack_solve_algo=0' (the default value) were
       crashing if some exogenous had a lag strictly greater than 1.
    
     - When using the `mode_file' option, the initial estimation checks were not
       performed for the loaded mode, but for the original starting values. Thus,
       potential prior violations by the mode only appeared during estimation,
       leading to potentially cryptic crashes and error messages.
    
     - If a shock/measurement error variance was set to 0 in calibration, the
       correlation matrix featured a 0 instead of a 1 on the diagonal, leading to
       wrong estimation results.
    
     - In the presence of calibrated covariances, estimation did not enforce
       positive definiteness of the covariance matrix.
    
     - Estimation using the `diffuse_filter' option together with the univariate
       Kalman filter and a diagonal measurement error matrix was broken.
    
     - A purely backward model with `k_order_solver' was leading to crashes of
       MATLAB/Octave.
    
     - Non-linear estimation was not skipping the specified presample when
       computing the likelihood.
    
     - IRFs and theoretical moments at order > 1 were broken for purely
       forward-looking models.
    
     - Simulated moments with constant variables was leading to crashes when
       displaying autocorrelations.
    
     - The `osr' command was sometimes crashing with cryptic error messages because
       of some unaccounted error codes returned from a deeper routine.
    
     - The check for stochastic singularity during initial estimation checks was
       broken.
    
     - Recursive estimation starting with the pathological case of `nobs=1' was
       crashing.
    
     - Conditional variance decomposition within or after estimation was crashing
       when at least one shock had been calibrated to zero variance.
    
     - The `estimated_params_init' and `estimated_params_bounds' blocks were broken
       for correlations.
    
     - The `filter_step_ahead' option was not producing any output in Bayesian
       estimation.
    
     - Deterministic simulations were sometimes erroneously indicating convergence
       although the residuals were actually NaN or Inf.
    
     - Supplying a user function in the `mode_compute' option was leading to
       a crash.
    
     - Deterministic simulation of models without any exogenous variable was
       crashing.
    
     - The MS-SBVAR code was not updating files between runs on Windows. This means
       that if a MOD file was updated between runs in the same folder and a
       `file_tag' was not changed, then the results would not change.
    
     - The `ramsey_policy' command was not putting in `oo_.planner_objective_value'
       the value of the planner objective at the optimum.
    
    
    * References:
    
     - Andreasen, Martin M., Jesús Fernández-Villaverde, and Juan Rubio-Ramírez
       (2013): “The Pruned State-Space System for Non-Linear DSGE Models: Theory
       and Empirical Applications,” NBER Working Paper, 18983
    
     - Cardoso, Margarida F., R. L. Salcedo and S. Feyo de Azevedo (1996): “The
       simplex simulated annealing approach to continuous non-linear optimization,”
       Computers chem. Engng, 20(9), 1065-1080
    
     - Christiano, Lawrence J., Mathias Trabandt and Karl Walentin (2011):
       “Introducing financial frictions and unemployment into a small open economy
       model,” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 35(12), 1999-2041
    
     - Geweke, John (1992): “Evaluating the accuracy of sampling-based approaches
       to the calculation of posterior moments,” in J.O. Berger, J.M. Bernardo,
       A.P. Dawid, and A.F.M. Smith (eds.) Proceedings of the Fourth Valencia
       International Meeting on Bayesian Statistics, pp. 169-194, Oxford University
       Press
    
     - Geweke, John (1999): “Using simulation methods for Bayesian econometric
       models: Inference, development and communication,” Econometric Reviews,
       18(1), 1-73
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.3.3 (on 2013-04-12)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.3.3.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu) should follow soon.
    
    All users are encouraged to upgrade.
    
    The new release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 7.0 (R14) to
    8.1 (R2013a) and with GNU Octave versions ranging from 3.2 to 3.6.
    
    Here is a list of the problems identified in version 4.3.2 and that have been
    fixed in version 4.3.3:
    
     - Estimation with measurement errors was wrong if a correlation between two
       measurement errors was calibrated
    
     - Option `use_dll' was broken under Windows
    
     - Degenerate case of purely static models (no leads/no lags) were not
       correctly handled
    
     - Deterministic simulations over a single period were not correctly done
    
     - The sensitivity call `dynare_sensitivity(identification=1,morris=2)' was
       buggy when there are no shocks estimated
    
     - Calls to `shock_decomposition' after using `selected_variables_only' option
       fail
    
     - Sometimes, only the last open graph was saved, leading to missing and
       duplicate EPS/PDF graphs
    
     - Forecasting after maximum likelihood estimation when not forecasting at
       least one observed variables (`var_obs') was leading to crashes
    
     - Some functionalities were crashing with MATLAB 8.1/R2013a (bytecode,
       MS-SBVAR)
    
     - Sometimes only the first order autocorrelation of `moments_varendo' was
       saved instead of all up to the value of `ar' option
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.3.2 (on 2013-01-18)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.3.2.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The Mac and GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu) should follow soon.
    
    All users are encouraged to upgrade.
    
    The new release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 7.0 (R14) to
    8.0 (R2012b) and with GNU Octave versions ranging from 3.2 to 3.6.
    
    Here is a list of the problems identified in version 4.3.1 and that have been
    fixed in version 4.3.2:
    
     - Computation of posterior distribution of unconditional variance
       decomposition was sometimes crashing (only for very large models)
    
     - Estimation with `mode_compute=6' was sometimes crashing
    
     - Derivative of erf() function was incorrect
    
     - The `check' command was not setting `oo_.dr.eigval' unless `stoch_simul' was
       also used
    
     - Computation of conditional forecast when the constraint is only on
       one period was buggy
    
     - Estimation with `mode_compute=3' was crashing under Octave
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.3.1 (on 2012-10-10)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.3.1. This release adds a few
    minor features and fixes various bugs.
    
    The Windows and Mac packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-stable
    
    The GNU/Linux packages (for Debian and Ubuntu) should follow soon.
    
    All users are strongly encouraged to upgrade.
    
    The new release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 7.0 (R14) to
    8.0 (R2012b) and with GNU Octave versions ranging from 3.2 to 3.6.
    
    Here is the list of the main user-visible changes:
    
    
    * New features in the user interface:
    
     - New `@#ifndef' directive in the macro-processor
    
     - Possibility of simultaneously specifying several output formats in the
       `graph_format' option
    
     - Support for XLSX files in `datafile' option of `estimation' and in
       `initval_file'
    
    
    * Bugs and problems identified in version 4.3.0 and that have been fixed in
      version 4.3.1:
    
     - Shock decomposition was broken
    
     - The welfare computation with `ramsey_policy' was buggy when used in
       conjunction with `histval'
    
     - Estimation of models with both missing observations and measurement errors
       was buggy
    
     - The option `simul_replic' was broken
    
     - The macro-processor directive `@#ifdef' was broken
    
     - Identification with `max_dim_cova_group > 1' was broken for specially
       degenerate models (when parameter theta has pairwise collinearity of one
       with multiple other parameters, i.e. when all couples (theta,b), (theta,c),
       ... (theta,d) have perfect collinearity in the Jacobian of the model)
    
     - The `parallel_test' option was broken
    
     - Estimation with correlated shocks was broken when the correlations were
       specified in terms of correlation and not in terms of co-variance
    
     - The Windows package was broken with MATLAB 7.1 and 7.2
    
     - When using `mode_compute=0' with a mode file generated using
       `mode_compute=6', the value of option `mh_jscale' was not loaded
    
     - Using exogenous deterministic variables at 2nd order was causing a crash
    
     - The option `no_create_init' for the `ms_estimation' command was broken
    
     - Loading of datafiles with explicit filename extensions was not working
    
     - The preprocessor had a memory corruption problem which could randomly lead
       to crashes
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.3.0 (on 2012-06-15)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.3.0. This major release adds
    new features and fixes various bugs.
    
    The Windows and Mac packages are already available for download at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/download/dynare-4.3
    
    The GNU/Linux packages should follow soon.
    
    All users are strongly encouraged to upgrade.
    
    The new release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 7.0 (R14) to
    7.14 (R2012a) and with GNU Octave versions ranging from 3.2 to 3.6.
    
    Here is the list of the main user-visible changes:
    
    
    * New major algorithms:
    
     - Nonlinear estimation with a particle filter based on a second order
       approximation of the model, as in Fernández-Villaverde and Rubio-Ramírez
       (2005); this is triggered by setting `order=2' in the `estimation' command
    
     - Extended path solution method as in Fair and Taylor (1983); see the
       `extended_path' command
    
     - Support for Markov-Switching Structural Bayesian VARs (MS-SBVAR) along the
       lines of Sims, Waggoner and Zha (2008) (see the dedicated section in the
       reference manual)
    
     - Optimal policy under discretion along the lines of Dennis (2007); see the
       `discretionary_policy' command
    
     - Identification analysis along the lines of Iskrev (2010); see the
       `identification' command
    
     - The Global Sensitivity Analysis toolbox (Ratto, 2008) is now part of the
       official Dynare distribution
    
    
    * Other algorithmic improvements:
    
     - Stochastic simulation and estimation can benefit from block decomposition
       (with the `block' option of `model'; only at 1st order)
    
     - Possibility of running smoother and filter on a calibrated model; see the
       `calib_smoother' command
    
     - Possibility of doing conditional forecast on a calibrated model; see the
       `parameter_set=calibration' option of the `conditional_forecast' command
    
     - The default algorithm for deterministic simulations has changed and is now
       based on sparse matrices; the historical algorithm (Laffargue, Boucekkine
       and Juillard) is still available under the `stack_solve_algo=6'option of the
       `simul' command
    
     - Possibility of using an analytic gradient for the estimation; see the
       `analytic_derivation' option of the `estimation' command
    
     - Implementation of the Nelder-Mead simplex based optimization routine for
       computing the posterior mode; available under the `mode_compute=8' option of
       the `estimation' command
    
     - Implementation of the CMA Evolution Strategy algorithm for computing the
       posterior mode; available under the `mode_compute=9' option of the
       `estimation' command
    
     - New solvers for Lyapunov equations which can accelerate the estimation of
       large models; see the `lyapunov' option of the `estimation' command
    
     - New solvers for Sylvester equations which can accelerate the resolution of
       large models with block decomposition; see the `sylvester' option of the
       `stoch_simul' and `estimation' commands
    
     - The `ramsey_policy' command now displays the planner objective value
       function under Ramsey policy and stores it in `oo_.planner_objective_value'
    
     - Theoretical autocovariances are now computed when the `block' option is
       present
    
     - The `linear' option is now compatible with the `block' and `bytecode'
       options
    
     - The `loglinear' option now works with purely backward or forward models at
       first order
    
    
    * New features in the user interface:
    
     - New mathematical primitives allowed in model block: `abs()', `sign()'
    
     - The behavior with respect to graphs has changed:
    
        + By default, Dynare now displays graphs and saves them to disk in EPS
          format only
    
        + The format can be changed to PDF or FIG with the new `graph_format'
          option
    
        + It is possible to save graphs to disk without displaying them with the
          new `nodisplay' option
    
     - New `nocheck' option to the `steady' command: tells not to check the steady
       state and accept values given by the user (useful for models with unit
       roots)
    
     - A series of deterministic shocks can be passed as a pre-defined vector in
       the `values' statement of a `shocks' block
    
     - New option `sub_draws' in the `estimation' command for controlling the
       number of draws used in computing the posterior distributions of various
       objects
    
     - New macroprocessor command `@#ifdef' for testing if a macro-variable is
       defined
    
     - New option `irf_shocks' of the `stoch_simul' command, to allow IRFs to be
       created only for certain exogenous variables
    
     - In the parallel engine, possibility of assigning different weights to nodes
       in the cluster and of creating clusters comprised of nodes with different
       operating systems (see the relevant section in the reference manual)
    
     - It is now possible to redefine a parameter in the `steady_state_model' block
       (use with caution)
    
     - New option `maxit' in the `simul' and `steady' commands to determine the
       maximum number of iterations of the nonlinear solver
    
     - New option `homotopy_force_continue' in the `steady' command to control the
       behavior when a homotopy fails
    
     - Possibility of globally altering the defaults of options by providing a file
       in the `GlobalInitFile' field of the configuration file (use with caution)
    
     - New option `nolog' to the `dynare' command line to avoid creating a logfile
    
     - New option `-D' to the `dynare' command line with for defining
       macro-variables
    
    
    * Miscellaneous changes:
    
     - The `use_dll' option of `model' now creates a MEX file for the static model
       in addition to that for the dynamic model
    
     - The `unit_root_vars' command is now obsolete; use the `diffuse_filter'
       option of the `estimation' command instead
    
     - New option `--burn' to Dynare++ to discard initial simulation points
    
     - New top-level MATLAB/Octave command `internals' for internal documentation
       and unitary tests
    
    
    * Bugs and problems identified in version 4.2.5 and that have been fixed in
      version 4.3.0:
    
     - Backward models with the `loglinear' option were incorrectly handled
    
     - Solving for hyperparameters of inverse gamma priors was sometimes crashing
    
     - The deterministic solver for purely forward models was broken
    
     - When running `estimation' or `identification' on models with non-diagonal
       structural error covariance matrices, while not simultaneously estimating
       the correlation between shocks (i.e. calibrating the correlation), the
       off-diagonal elements were incorrectly handled or crashes were occuring
    
     - When using the `prefilter' option, smoother plots were omitting the smoothed
       observables
    
     - In the rare case of entering and expression x as x^(alpha-1) with x being 0
       in steady state and alpha being a parameter equal to 2, the Jacobian was
       evaluating to 0 instead of 1
    
     - Setting the prior for shock correlations was failing if a lower bound was not
       explicitly specified
    
    
    * References:
    
     - Dennis, Richard (2007): “Optimal Policy In Rational Expectations Models: New
       Solution Algorithms,” Macroeconomic Dynamics, 11(1), 31–55
    
     - Fair, Ray and John Taylor (1983): “Solution and Maximum Likelihood
       Estimation of Dynamic Nonlinear Rational Expectation Models,” Econometrica,
       51, 1169–1185
    
     - Fernández-Villaverde, Jesús and Juan Rubio-Ramírez (2005): “Estimating
       Dynamic Equilibrium Economies: Linear versus Nonlinear Likelihood,” Journal
       of Applied Econometrics, 20, 891–910
    
     - Iskrev, Nikolay (2010): “Local identification in DSGE models,” Journal of
       Monetary Economics, 57(2), 189–202
    
     - Ratto, Marco (2008): “Analysing DSGE models with global sensitivity
       analysis'', Computational Economics, 31, 115–139
    
     - Sims, Christopher A., Daniel F. Waggoner and Tao Zha (2008): “Methods for
       inference in large multiple-equation Markov-switching models,” Journal of
       Econometrics, 146, 255–274
    
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.2.5 (on 2012-03-14)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.2.5.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows package for the new release is already available for download at
    the official Dynare website <http://www.dynare.org>. The Mac and Linux packages
    should follow soon.
    
    All users are strongly encouraged to upgrade.
    
    The new release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 7.0 (R14) to
    7.14 (R2012a) and with GNU Octave versions ranging from 3.0 to 3.6.
    
    Note that GNU Octave users under Windows will have to upgrade to GNU Octave
    version 3.6.1 (MinGW). The Octave installer can be downloaded at:
    
     http://www.dynare.org/octave/Octave3.6.1_gcc4.6.2_20120303-setup.exe
    
    Here is a non-exhaustive list of the problems identified in version 4.2.4 and
    that have been fixed in version 4.2.5:
    
     * The MATLAB optimization toolbox was sometimes not correctly detected even
       when installed
    
     * Using the inverse gamma distribution with extreme hyperparameter values
       could lead to a crash
    
     * Various issues in the accelerated deterministic solver with block
       decomposition
    
     * Various issues in the parallelization engine
    
     * Compatibility issues with the Global Sensitivity Analysis toolbox
    
     * The Dynare++ binary was broken in the Windows package because of a missing
       dynamic library
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.2.4 (on 2011-12-02)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.2.4.
    
    This is a bugfix release. It comes only a few days after the previous release,
    because version 4.2.3 was affected by a critical bug (see below).
    
    The Windows package for the new release is already available for download at
    the official Dynare website <http://www.dynare.org>. The Mac and Linux packages
    should follow soon.
    
    All users are strongly encouraged to upgrade, especially those who have
    installed the buggy 4.2.3 release.
    
    The new release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 7.0 (R14) to
    7.13 (R2011b) and with GNU Octave versions ranging from 3.0 to 3.4.
    
    Here is the list of the problems identified in version 4.2.3 and that have been
    fixed in version 4.2.4:
    
     * Second order approximation was broken for most models, giving incorrect
       results (this problem only affects version 4.2.3, not previous versions)
    
     * Bayesian priors with inverse gamma distribution and very small variances
       were giving incorrect results in some cases
    
     * The `model_diagnostics' command was broken
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.2.3 (on 2011-11-30)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.2.3.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows package is already available for download at the official
    Dynare website <http://www.dynare.org>. The Mac and Linux packages
    should follow soon.
    
    All users are strongly encouraged to upgrade.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 7.0 (R14)
    to 7.13 (R2011b) and with GNU Octave versions ranging from 3.0 to 3.4.
    
    Here is a non-exhaustive list of the problems identified in version 4.2.2 and
    that have been fixed in version 4.2.3:
    
     * `steady_state_model' was broken for lags higher than 2
    
     * `simult_.m' was not working correctly with `order=3' if `k_order_solver' had
       not been explicitly specified
    
     * `stoch_simul' with `order=3' and without `periods' option was reporting
       dummy theoretical moments
    
     * Under Octave, option `solve_algo=0' was causing crashes in `check' and
       `stoch_simul'
    
     * Identification module was broken
    
     * The test for singularity in the model reporting eigenvalues close to 0/0 was
       sometimes reporting false positives
    
     * The `conditional_variance_decomposition' option was not working if one
       period index was 0. Now, Dynare reports an error if the periods are not
       strictly positive.
    
     * Second order approximation was buggy if one variable was not present at the
       current period
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.2.2 (on 2011-10-04)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.2.2.
    
    This is a bugfix release.
    
    The Windows package is already available for download at the official
    Dynare website <http://www.dynare.org>. The Mac and Linux packages
    should follow soon.
    
    All users are strongly encouraged to upgrade.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 7.0 (R14)
    to 7.13 (R2011b) and with GNU Octave versions ranging from 3.0 to 3.4.
    
    Here is a list of the problems identified in version 4.2.1 and that have
    been fixed in version 4.2.2:
    
     * The secondary rank test following the order test of the Blanchard and
       Kahn condition was faulty and almost never triggered
    
     * The variance prior for BVAR “à la Sims” with only one lag was
       inconsistent.  The solution implemented consists of adding one extra
       observation in the presample used to compute the prior; as a
       consequence, the numerical results for all estimations will be
       slightly different in future releases (thanks to Marek Jarociński for
       spotting this)
    
     * The `conditional_forecast' command was buggy: it was always using the
       posterior mode, whatever the value of the `parameter_set' option
    
     * `STEADY_STATE' was not working correctly with certain types of
       expressions (the priority of the addition and substraction operators
       was incorrectly handled)
    
     * With the `block' option of `model', the preprocessor was failing on
       expressions of the form "a^b" (with no endogenous in "a" but an
       endogenous in "b")
    
     * Some native MATLAB statements were not correctly passed on to MATLAB
       (e.g.  x = { 'foo' 'bar' } )
    
     * `external_function' was crashing in some circumstances
    
     * The lambda parameter for HP filter was restricted to integer values
       for no good reason
    
     * The `load_mh_file' option of `estimation' was crashing under Octave
       for Windows (MinGW version)
    
     * Computation of steady state was failing on model contains auxiliary
       variables created by leads or lags larger than 2 or by of the
       `EXPECTATION' operator
    
     * Compilation of MEX files for MATLAB was failing with GCC 4.6
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.2.1 (on 2011-05-24)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.2.1.
    
    Many bugs have been fixed since the previous release. The reference
    manual has also been improved: new contents has been added at various
    places, the structure has been improved, an index of functions and
    variables has been added, the PDF/HTML rendering has been improved.
    
    The Windows package is already available for download at the official
    Dynare website [1]. The Mac and Linux packages should follow soon.
    
    All users are strongly encouraged to upgrade.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 7.0 (R14)
    to 7.12 (R2011a) and with GNU Octave versions ranging from 3.0 to 3.4.
    
    Here is a list of the main bugfixes since version 4.2.0:
    
     * The `STEADY_STATE' operator has been fixed
    
     * Problems with MATLAB 7.3 (R2006b) and older have been fixed
    
     * The `partial_information' option of `stoch_simul' has been fixed
    
     * Option `conditional_variance_decomposition' of `stoch_simul' and
       `estimation' has been fixed
    
     * Automatic detrending now works in conjunction with the `EXPECTATION'
       operator
    
     * Percentage signs inside strings in MATLAB statements (like disp('%
       This is not a comment %')) now work
    
     * Beta prior with a very small standard deviation now work even if you
       do not have the MATLAB Statistical toolbox
    
     * External functions can now been used in assignment of model local
       variables
    
     * `identification' command has been fixed
    
     * Option `cova_compute' of `estimation' command has been fixed
    
     * Random crashes with 3rd order approximation without `use_dll' option
       have been eliminated
    
    [1] http://www.dynare.org
    
    
    Announcement for Dynare 4.2.0 (on 2011-02-15)
    =============================================
    
    We are pleased to announce the release of Dynare 4.2.0.
    
    This major release adds new features and fixes various bugs.
    
    The Windows package is already available for download. The Mac and Linux
    packages should follow soon.
    
    All users are strongly encouraged to upgrade.
    
    This release is compatible with MATLAB versions ranging from 6.5 (R13) to 7.11
    (R2010b) and with GNU Octave versions 3.0.x and 3.2.x (support for GNU Octave
    3.4.x is not complete and will be added in the next minor release).
    
    Here is the list of major user-visible changes:
    
    * New solution algorithms:
    
      - Pruning for second order simulations has been added, as described in Kim,
        Kim, Schaumburg and Sims (2008) [1,2]
    
      - Models under partial information can be solved, as in Pearlman, Currie and
        Levine (1986) [3,4]
    
      - New nonlinear solvers for faster deterministic simulations and steady state
        computation [5]
    
    * Dynare can now use the power of multi-core computers or of a cluster of
      computer using parallelization [6]
    
    * New features in the user interface:
    
      - A steady state file can now be automatically generated, provided that the
        model can be solved analytically, and that the steady state as a function
        of the parameters is declared with the new "steady_state_model" command [7]
    
      - For non-stationary models, Dynare is now able of automatically removing
        trends in all the equations: the user writes the equations in
        non-stationary form and declares the deflator of each variable. Then Dynare
        perform a check to determine if the proposed deflators are compatible with
        balanced growth path, and, if yes, then it computes the detrended equations
        [8]
    
      - It is now possible to use arbitrary functions in the model block [9]
    
    * Other minor changes to the user interface:
    
      - New primitives allowed in model block: normpdf(), erf()
    
      - New syntax for DSGE-VAR [10]
    
      - Syntax of deterministic shocks has changed: after the values keyword,
        arbitrary expressions must be enclosed within parentheses (but numeric
        constants are still accepted as is)
    
    * Various improvements:
    
      - Third order simulations now work without the "USE_DLL" option:
        installing a C++ compiler is no longer necessary for 3rd order
    
      - The HP filter works for empirical moments (previously it was only available
        for theoretical moments)
    
      - "ramsey_policy" now displays the planner objective value function under
        Ramsey policy and stores it in "oo_.planner_objective_value"
    
      - Estimation: if the "selected_variables_only" option is present, then the
        smoother will only be run on variables listed just after the estimation
        command
    
      - Estimation: in the "shocks" block, it is now possible to calibrate
        measurement errors on endogenous variables (using the same keywords than
        for calibrating variance/covariance matrix of exogenous shocks)
    
      - It is possibile to choose the parameter set for shock decomposition [11]
    
      - The diffuse filter now works under Octave
    
      - New option "console" on the Dynare command-line: use it when running Dynare
        from the console, it will replace graphical waitbars by text waitbars for
        long computations
    
      - Steady option "solve_algo=0" (uses fsolve()) now works under Octave
    
    * For Emacs users:
    
       - New Dynare mode for Emacs editor (contributed by Yannick Kalantzis)
    
       - Reference manual now available in Info format (distributed with
         Debian/Ubuntu packages)
    
    * Miscellaneous:
    
       - Deterministic models: leads and lags of two or more on endogenous
         variables are now substituted by auxiliary variables; exogenous variables
         are left as is [12]
    
    [1] Kim, J., S. Kim, E. Schaumburg and C.A. Sims (2008), "Calculating and using
        second-order accurate solutions of discrete time dynamic equilibrium
        models", Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 32(11), 3397-3414
    [2] It is triggered by option "pruning" of "stoch_simul" (only 2nd order, not
        available at 3rd order)
    [3] Pearlman J., D. Currie and P. Levine (1986), "Rational expectations models
        with partial information", Economic Modelling, 3(2), 90-105
    [4] http://www.dynare.org/DynareWiki/PartialInformation
    [5] http://www.dynare.org/DynareWiki/FastDeterministicSimulationAndSteadyStateComputation
    [6] http://www.dynare.org/DynareWiki/ParallelDynare
    [7] See the entry for "steady_state_model" in the reference manual for more
        details and an example
    [8] http://www.dynare.org/DynareWiki/RemovingTrends
    [9] http://www.dynare.org/DynareWiki/ExternalFunctions
    [10] http://www.dynare.org/DynareWiki/DsgeVar
    [11] http://www.dynare.org/DynareWiki/ShockDecomposition
    [12] http://www.dynare.org/DynareWiki/AuxiliaryVariables