CI: use variables for chosing MATLAB and Octave versions

.gitlab-ci.yml

 variables:
   GIT_SUBMODULE_STRATEGY: normal
   TERM: linux
+  MATLAB_VERSION: R2020b
+  OLD_MATLAB_VERSION: R2014a
+  OCTAVE_VERSION: 5.2.0
 
 before_script:
   - git clone https://git.dynare.org/Dynare/m-unit-tests
@@ -8,18 +11,16 @@ before_script:
 test_matlab:
   stage: test
   script:
-    - make check-matlab
+    - make check-matlab MATLAB=/usr/local/MATLAB/$MATLAB_VERSION/bin/matlab
 
 test_old_matlab:
   stage: test
-  variables:
-    MATLAB: /usr/local/MATLAB/R2014a/bin/matlab
   script:
-    - make check-matlab
+    - make check-matlab MATLAB=/usr/local/MATLAB/$OLD_MATLAB_VERSION/bin/matlab
 
 test_octave:
   stage: test
   variables:
     OPENBLAS_NUM_THREADS: 1
   script:
-    - make check-octave
+    - make check-octave OCTAVE=/usr/local/octave/$OCTAVE_VERSION/bin/octave

Makefile

 OCTAVE ?= octave-cli
-MATLAB ?= $(shell which matlab)
+MATLAB ?= matlab
 
 all: check-octave check-matlab